Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    7
    11
    10
    9
    2
    12
    6
    4
    5
    1
    8

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    3
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.