Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    5
    1
    9
    8
    11
    7
    3
    2
    10
    12
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    2
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.