Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    8 I thought so.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    2
    8
    11
    3
    4
    9
    5
    12
    6
    7
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    5
    3
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    6 Kdy volala?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    3 Nebyli doma.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.