Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    8
    10
    2
    6
    12
    5
    7
    9
    1
    11
    3

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    5
    2
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Nebyli doma.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.